Camels

Camels have an unmistakable silhouette, with their hobbled back, short tail, long slender legs and long neck that dips down and rises to a small narrow head. The upper lip is divided into two parts that move independently. Both species are about 3 meters (10 feet) long and 2 meters high at the hump (itself 20 cm [8 inches]). Males weigh 400 to 650 kg (900 to 1400 pounds) female is about 10 percent less. The color is usually light brown but can be grayish. Domesticated Bactrian camels are darker, stockier, and woollier than wild type. Heavy eyelashes protect eyes from Blowing Sand, and nostrils can be squeezed shut. The dromedary is horny pads on his chest and knees, which protects it from burning desert sands, when they lie down, camel lacks these callosities. Camels are generally docile, but they will bite or kick when annoyed. When excited, camels huff so violently that the spit is also shown.

Camels do not walk on their hooves. Weight-bearing on conjoined pads of the third and fourth toes, and the other toes have been lost. Dromedaries have a soft, wide dispersion pad to walk on sand; Bactrian camel has a better foothold. Like the giraffe, the camel, a pace gait, with both legs on one side moving together. Short bursts of 65 km (40 miles) per hour are possible, but camels are excellent Plod. Bactrian camels can carry more than 200 kg to 50 km per day, while the more lightly built camels can carry up to 100 kg to 60 km if they worked in the cool night.

During the disastrous drought, herders can lose all their cattle, sheep and goats, while 80 percent of the camels will survive, because the camel's ability to conserve water and tolerate dehydration. In severe heat a camel survive four to seven days without drinking, but it can go 10 months without drinking at all if it does not work, and that it contains enough water. Although salt can be tolerated, and between drinking the foraging far from the oases to find food unavailable to other livestock. Rehydrates body within minutes of a draft, which absorbs more than 100 liters (25 gallons) for 5-10 minutes. Cattle could not tolerate such a sudden dilution of the blood, because their red blood cells would explode under osmotic stress; camel erythrocyte membranes are thickened, which can bring. A thirsty camel can reduce urine output for the fifth normal volume and produce feces dry enough that herders use it as fuel for fires. Another adaptation is minimizing sweating. The fine woolen coat insulates the body, reducing heat gain. Camel may also allow its body temperature to rise to 41 ° C (106 ° F) before sweating at all. This reduces the temperature difference between camel and its surroundings, thereby reducing heat gain and loss of water by as much as two thirds. Only in the warmest weather, camel sweat. It tolerates extreme dehydration and can lose up to 25-30 percent of his body weight two times what would be fatal for most mammals.

Camels are adapted to desert conditions by being able to endure the absence of protein and edible items other livestock avoid, such as thorns, dry leaves, and salt bush. When food is plentiful, camels' eat too much, "store fat in one area at the back, forming a hump. Once fat is depleted, humpback curtains or disappears. Storage of fat in one place also increases the body's ability to dissipate heat elsewhere.

When not corralled, camels form stable groups of females accompanied by an older man. Females breed with three to four years old, men began to produce sperm at the age of three, but do not compete for females until they are six to eight years old. Males compete for dominance by circling each other with their heads held low and biting the feet and the head of his opponent and try to overturn it. After a camel to withdraw from the bout, the winner can roll and rub secretions on earth from a gland on the back of his head. The dominant male breeds with all the women in each stable block. After a gestation period of 13 or 14 months, a calf weighs up to 37 kg (81 pounds) is born, usually during the rainy season. Milk yield of 35 kg per day achieved in some breeds (eg "Milch dromedary" in Pakistan), although the normal yield is about 4 kg per day. Pastoralists typically convert most milk for their own use during the calf's first 9 to 11 months, then weaned force and take rest. Calf is otherwise cost 12 to 18 months. Females and males reproduce until about 20 years old. Life expectancy is 40 years.

Camels are classified in the family Camelidae, which first appeared in North America 40 million years ago. South American camelids are the llama, alpaca, guanaco, and Vicuña. Genera Camelus and Lama diverged 11 million years ago. With 2 million years ago (early Pleistocene Epoch), Camelus representatives had crossed back to Asia and was present in Africa (Tanzania). During the Pleistocene (2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago) camelids reached South America, North America Camelid stock became extinct 10,000 years ago. The family Camelidae belong to Artiodactyla, a large group of hoofed mammals.