BHARAT RATNA AWARD

Bharat ratna Award 

Bharat ratna: Bharat ratna is India's highest civil award to the persons of extraordinary military service includes artistic, literary and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service. Bharat ratna make no special title nor any other benefits of any Indian hierarchy . Together with other major national honors, such as the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, Bharat ratna award was established by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, January 2, 1954. The award of Bharat ratna was suspended from July 13, 1977 to January 26, 1980. This contract has been awarded to forty one person, a list which includes two non-Indians and a naturalized Indian citizen. With the most number of awardees (7 each), Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh are the leading countries in the list . 

History: 

Established by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, President of India, 2 January 1954, has no possibility of posthumous prices (this prize was never awarded to Mahatma Gandhi), but this provision was inserted in the January 1955 statute. There have been twelve posthumous prices then, including the award to Subhash Chandra Bose in 1992, which was later withdrawn because of a legal problem, the only case of a price to be withdrawn .. 

The Bharat ratna Citation, the certificate conferred Late MG Ramachandran Bharat ratna awards given to Indian citizens, this seems to have been the general assumption. There has been an award to a naturalized Indian citizen - Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa (1980) and two non-Indians - Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). 

  

Indian Recipients 

A.P.J Abdul Kalam (in 1997) 

Ravi Shankar (1999) 

Amartya Sen (in 1999) 

Lata Mangeshkar (2001) 

Bhimsen Joshi (in 2008) 

Foreign Recipients: Nelson Mandela (1990) 

Controversies 

Award to Nethaji Subhash Chandra Bose 

Nethaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Indian freedom fighter was awarded posthumously in 1992, which was later withdrawn because of legal problems, and it is the only case of a price to be withdrawn in response to a Supreme Court of India directive following a Public Interest Litigation filed in Court against the posthumous nature of the warrant. Bose death certificates could not be submitted by the Award Committee for Justice, and thus it invalidated the posthumous award. 

Award to Abdul Kalam Azad 

India's first education minister, and free fighter Abdul Kalam Azad, he promptly rejected it, when the award named him by saying that those who have been on the selection committee to be excluded from the list. Later he was awarded posthumously in 1992 

Specifications 

Original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The downside to the state emblem and motto to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced, and a year later the design was changed.